Four Winds Rule Collection – Chinese Classical

4. Miscellaneous rules

The following rules can be considered optional.

4.1 Penalties

The etiquette for correct drawing and claiming of tiles may vary, as may the consequences for violating the etiquette. Basically the irregularities which have no effect on other players should have no consequences in friendly games. To avoid confusion, the players should agree on the etiquette and penalties before beginning the game.

In the following some common practices are listed:

• If a player notices that he has too many tiles in hand, and has already seen the face of the superfluous tile, he must continue playing with a long hand to the end of the deal (thus being deprived of the chance to go out). If he has not seen the face of the tile, he can put the tile back in the Wall.
• If a player notices that he has too few tiles in hand, he must continue playing with a short hand to the end of the deal (thus being deprived of the chance to go out). 
• If a player mistakenly draws an incorrect tile, he can replace it and draw the correct tile, provided that he has not yet discarded. If he has already discarded, he may not replace the tile, but can continue without penalties.
• A player is allowed to change his discard as long as another player has not claimed the tile, and as long as the next player in turn has not drawn from the Wall.
• If a player claims a tile, but cancels his claim before his next discard is claimed (or another player has drawn from the Wall), there is no need to penalize him for his mistake. 
• Also, if a player claims a tile for Chow, Pung or Kong, but notices that he does not have right tiles in hand, he is allowed to cancel his claim without consequences, provided that he does that before his next discard is claimed (or another player has drawn from the Wall).
• If a player makes a faulty declaration of out, but notices his error before the other players expose their hands, there is no need to penalize him for his error. On the other hand, if one or more players have already exposed their hands, the deal is abandoned and the offender shall pay each of the other players 300 points (East does not pay/receive double). Should two players make a faulty declaration of out, each pays 150 points to each of the two non-offending players, and if three players make a faulty declaration, each pays 100 points to the non-offending players. If the offender was East the deal passes, otherwise it stays.

4.2 Insurance penalties

Players often agree on applying insurance penalties for irresponsible discards, that is, for dangerous discards that let another player go out on a big hand (this is often called "letting off a canon").

Insurance penalties are normally applied for the following hands:

• One Suit Only (also known as "Nine-tile error"). Applied when player A has exposed three sets of one suit, and another player discards a tile of the same suit, which enables player A to go out with One suit only (immediately on that tile, or later with a self-drawn tile after having composed the fourth set of the same suit by claiming player A's dangerous discard).
• Big Four Winds or Little Four Winds. Applied when player A has exposed three sets of winds, and another player discards a wind tile, which enables player A to go out with Big Four Winds or Little Four Winds (immediately on that tile, or later – after having composed the fourth set of winds with player A's dangerous discard – with any tile, either claimed or self-drawn).
• Three Great Scholars (Big Three Dragons) or Little Three Dragons. Applied when player A has exposed two sets of dragons, and another player discards a dragon tile, which enables player A to go out with Three Great Scholars (Big Three Dragons) or Little Three Dragons (immediately on that tile, or later – after having composed the third set of dragons with player A's dangerous discard – with any tile, either claimed or self-drawn).
• All Honors. Applied when player A has exposed three sets of Honors, and another player discards an honor tile, which enables player A to go out  with All Honors (immediately on that tile, or later – after having composed the fourth set of honors with player A's dangerous discard – with a self-drawn tile).
• All Terminals. Applied when player A has exposed three sets of terminals, and another player discards a terminal, which enables player A to go out  with All Terminals (immediately on that tile, or later  – after having composed the fourth set of terminals with player A's dangerous discard – with a self-drawn tile).
• All Green. Applied when player A has exposed three sets of green tiles (Bamboo 2, 3, 4, 6 and 8, and green dragons), and another player discards a green tile, which enables player A to go out with All Green (immediately on that tile, or later – after having composed the fourth green set with player A's dangerous discard – with a self-drawn tile).
• Last four tiles error. Applied when there are four or less tiles left in the Wall, and a player discards a fresh tile (which does not appear amongst discards and melds), which another player claims and goes out. 

Note that letting another player rob a Kong that involves a dangerous tile is considered the same as discarding a dangerous tile, and accordingly penalized in the same way.

Claiming a dangerous discard for a Kong does not result in applying insurance penalties (since in this case a player already had that dangerous set completed as a concealed Pung – promoting this set into a melded Kong does not necessarily bring the hand any closer to winning).

A player can declare "No Choice", if he has no other choice than making a dangerous discard. In this case he must expose his hand temporarily, and he will not be penalized for making a dangerous discard.

A player who is liable for "letting off a canon" must pay for all losers (that is, not only for himself, but also for the other two players). In addition, there is no settlement among losers.

Related topics:
Introduction
Tiles
Preliminaries
Playing
Scoring
Payments