Four Winds Rule Collection – Taiwanese 16-tile Mah Jong

4. Miscellaneous rules

The following rules can be considered optional.

4.1 Missed discard

In Taiwanese rules it is customary to apply a rule according to which a player is prohibited from going out on a tile, which he has missed during the very same turn. He must discard a tile before being able to use a missed discard again. Note that the rule is applied to a self-drawn tile, as well. in Japanese rules, where this option is common, a player is not prohibited from going out on a missed discard, if the tile is self-drawn.

E.g., if player A is calling Bamboo 3 to go out, and player B discards Bamboo 3, and player A does not claim it, he may not claim and go out on Bamboo 3, if it is discarded by player C or D on the same turn, or if he picks the tile from the Wall. Player A must make a discard before being able to claim a missed discard again.

Note however that a player can claim a missed discard, if he does not go out on that tile.

4.2 Dealer's bonus

Taiwanese rules often pay an extra tai to an East winner. If the dealer goes out self-drawn, the specified bonus is paid by all losers, otherwise it is paid by the discarder alone (and just for himself, not for all losers). On the other hand, if East discards the winning tile, he must himself pay the specified bonus to the winner.

4.3 Bonus for continued deals

Taiwanese rules often specify an extra payment for winning a continued deal (that is, a deal where the same player continues to act as a dealer). 

The rule resembles the Japanese practice of giving a bonus for winning a dealer's extra hand, but there are significant differences.

As in Japanese rules, the bonus is cumulative and increases for each successive deal. E.g., the bonus for winning the first extra hand is 2 tais. Winning the second successive extra hand earns 4 tais, and winning the third successive extra hand earns 6 tais. When East wins self-drawn, the bonus is paid by all losers, otherwise it is paid by the discarder only (but unlike the Japanese rules, not for all losers). If there are multiple winners, the discarder pays each winner as he would be the sole winner.

On the other hand, if East loses a continued deal by discarding the winning tile, he must himself pay the bonus to the winner (2 tais for the first continued deal, 4 tais for the second, etc.). If there are multiple winners, East pays each winner as he would be the sole winner.

As the deal normally does not pass after a draw, a continued deal is not necessarily a result of East having won the previous deal: accordingly, the players must agree whether drawn deals are allowed between the successive wins and whether they increase the counter for continued deals.

4.4 Penalties

The etiquette for correct drawing and claiming of tiles may vary, as may the consequences for violating the etiquette. Basically the irregularities which have no effect on other players should have no consequences in friendly games. To avoid confusion, the players should agree on the etiquette and penalties before beginning the game.

In the following some common practices are listed:

• If a player notices that he has too many tiles in hand, and has already seen the face of the superfluous tile, he must continue playing with a long hand to the end of the deal (thus being deprived of the chance to go out). If he has not seen the face of the tile, he can put the tile back in the Wall.
• If a player notices that he has too few tiles in hand, he must continue playing with a short hand to the end of the deal (thus being deprived of the chance to go out). 
• If a player mistakenly draws an incorrect tile, he can replace it and draw the correct tile, provided that he has not yet discarded. If he has already discarded, he may not replace the tile, but can continue without penalties.
• A player is allowed to change his discard as long as another player has not claimed the tile, and as long as the next player in turn has not drawn from the Wall.
• If a player claims a tile, but cancels his claim before his next discard is claimed (or another player has drawn from the Wall), there is no need to penalize him for his mistake. 
• Also, if a player claims a tile for Chow, Pung or Kong, but notices that he does not have right tiles in hand, he is allowed to cancel his claim without consequences, provided that he does that before his next discard is claimed (or another player has drawn from the Wall).
• If a player makes a faulty declaration of out, but notices his error before the other players expose their hands, there is no need to penalize him for his error. On the other hand, if one or more players have already exposed their hands, the deal is abandoned and the offender shall pay each of the other players 100% of the Limit (i.e., full laak, which in the rules described here is 16 points). If the faulty declaration was made in context of a claimed tile, the discarder gets double the amount. The deal normally passes after a faulty declaration of out.

4.2 Insurance penalties

Players often agree on applying insurance penalties for irresponsible discards, that is, for dangerous discards that let another player go out on a big hand (this is often called "letting off a canon").

Insurance penalties are normally applied for the following hands:

• One Suit Only (also known as "Nine-tile error"). Applied when player A has exposed four sets of one suit, and another player discards a tile of the same suit, which enables player A to go out with One suit only (immediately on that tile, or later with a self-drawn tile after having composed the fifth set of the same suit by claiming player A's dangerous discard).
• Big Four Winds or Little Four Winds. Applied when player A has exposed three sets of winds, and another player discards a wind tile, which enables player A to go out with Big Four Winds or Little Four Winds (immediately on that tile, or later – after having composed the fourth set of winds with player A's dangerous discard – with any tile, either claimed or self-drawn).
• Three Great Scholars (Big Three Dragons) or Little Three Dragons. Applied when player A has exposed two sets of dragons, and another player discards a dragon tile, which enables player A to go out with Three Great Scholars (Big Three Dragons) or Little Three Dragons (immediately on that tile, or later – after having composed the third set of dragons with player A's dangerous discard – with any tile, either claimed or self-drawn).
• Last Five Tiles error. Applied when there are five or less tiles left in the Wall, and a player discards a fresh tile (which does not appear amongst discards and melds), which another player claims and goes out. 
• Often the insurance penalty is applied to the limit hands All Honors and All Terminals, as well.

Note that letting another player rob a Kong that involves a dangerous tile is considered the same as discarding a dangerous tile, and accordingly penalized in the same way.

Claiming a dangerous discard for a Kong does not result in applying insurance penalties (since in this case a player already had that dangerous set completed as a concealed Pung – promoting this set into a melded Kong does not necessarily bring the hand any closer to winning).

Often it is agreed that a player can declare "No Choice", if he has no other choice than making a dangerous discard. In this case he must expose his hand temporarily, and he will not be penalized for making a dangerous discard.

A player who is liable for "letting off a canon" must pay for all losers (that is, not only for himself, but also for the other two players). In addition, there is no settlement among losers.

Related topics:
Introduction
Tiles
Preliminaries
Playing
Scoring
Payments